FORM 2
THE PATENT ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
&
THE PATENT RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10 and rule 13)
1. TITLE OF THE INVENTION: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Device (t DCS)
2. APPLICANT
(a) Name: Dr Sagar Arvind Jawale
(b) Nationality: INDIAN
(c) Address: C/o Dr AT Jawale, Jawale hospital, Near SBI, Jilha Peth, Gandhi Nagar, Jalgaon-425001
Phone: +91-9370000380
Email: drsagarjawale@gmail.com
PREAMBLE I describe the Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Device (t DCS) which is comprising of a rigid cap in which electrodes are attached in various positions with its DC power supply unit for the purpose of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the brain.
Field of invention: It is medical sciences, neurology, psychiatry, neuromodulation, and spirituality.
Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (t DCS) is a form of neuromodulation in which a constant, low voltage direct current is delivered to the brain via electrodes placed on various places on the scalp of head. (1) It was originally developed to help patients with brain injuries or psychiatric conditions like major depressive disorder. One of the aspects of t DCS is its ability to achieve cortical changes even after the stimulation is ended. The duration of this change depends on the length of stimulation as well as the intensity of stimulation. The effects of stimulation increase as the duration of stimulation increases or the strength of the current increases. The way that the stimulation changes brain function is either by causing the neuron’s resting membrane potential to depolarize or hyperpolarize. When positive stimulation (anodal t DCS) is delivered, the current causes a depolarization of the resting membrane potential, which increases neuronal excitability and allows for more spontaneous cell firing. When negative stimulation (cathodal t DCS) is delivered, the current causes a hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential. This decreases neuron excitability due to the decreased spontaneous cell firing. It is indicated in cognitive enhancement in healthy people, memory deficits in Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, pain and for improving upper limb function after stroke
Object of invention: It is to develop an indigenized, cheap, and compact Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Device (t DCS). The t DCS devices available in the Indian market are costly and not affordable to most of the patients. I developed an indigenized t DCS device which costs only Rs. 1,500 which is affordable to most people in India.
Summary: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Device (t DCS) (Fig:1) which is comprising of a rigid cap in which electrodes are attached in various positions with its DC power supply unit and electrical wires with pins for the purpose of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the brain. The device comes with a rigid cap (Fig:1-1) and it has soft compressible cushions (Fig:1-2) in the front and back end so that it can fit over any head size. Electrodes (Fig:1-3,7) covered with sponge are attached to the inside of the cap. The
position of electrodes is movable to modulate many parts of the brain. The electrical wires (Fig:1-6) have pins (Fig:1-5,12) on both ends, one side attaches to the electrodes and another to the DC power supply. Thus, any electrode can be made anode or cathode by changing the polarity by placing the pin of the wires into the anode and cathode output of the DC power supply. The power supply has DC positive (Fig:1-10) and negative sockets (Fig:1-9) as output. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (t DCS)is used for the treatment of variety of disease conditions such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, pain and for improving upper limb function after stroke and for memory loss and for cognitive enhancement and treatment of depression and insomnia. The t DCS devices available in the Indian market are costly and not affordable to most of the patients. I developed an indigenized t DCS device which costs only Rs. 1,500 which is affordable to most people in India.
Detailed description and complete specifications: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Device (t DCS) (Fig:1) which is comprising of a rigid cap in which electrodes are attached in various positions with its DC power supply unit and electrical wires with pins for the purpose of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the brain. The device comes with a rigid cap (Fig:1-1) made up of electrically non- conductive material which can fit the head of a patient. The size of the cap is larger than average head size of humans. The cap has soft compressible cushions (Fig:1-2) in the front and back end so that it can fit over any head size. Electrodes (Fig:1-3,7) covered with sponge are attached to the inside of the cap. The position of electrodes is movable to modulate many parts of the brain. The electrodes have a socket (Fig:1-4) which allows wires with pins to be attached from the power source. The electrical wires (Fig:1-6) have pins (Fig:1-5,12) on both ends, one side attaches to the electrodes and another to the DC power supply. Thus, any electrode can be made anode or cathode by changing the polarity by placing the pin of the wires into the anode and cathode output of the DC power supply. The device has a DC power supply unit (Fig:1-8) which steps down mains supply to a lower DC voltage. The power supply has DC positive (Fig:1-10) and negative sockets (Fig:1-9) as output. The pins (Fig:1-12) of the wires from electrodes fit into these sockets. The polarity of the electrodes can be changed easily by placing the pins of the wire into the positive or negative sockets (Fig:1-10,9) of the DC power supply. The DC power supply comes with a voltage regulator (Fig:1-11) to control voltage. The DC power supply has AC mains pin (Fig:1-13) as input. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (t DCS)is used for the treatment of variety of disease conditions such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, pain and for improving upper limb function after stroke and for memory loss and for cognitive enhancement and treatment of depression and insomnia. The t DCS devices available in the Indian market are costly and not affordable to most of the patients. I developed an indigenized t DCS device which costs only Rs. 1,500 which is affordable to most people in India.
Designs and drawings
Figure:1 Showing complete assembly of the Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Device (t DCS)
1.Rigid cap 2. Compressible foam sheets 3. Electrode (+ Ve Anode) 4. Socket of electrode 5. Pin of electrical wire 6. Electrical wires 7. Electrodes (-Ve Cathode) 8. DC Power supply unit 9. Negative terminal sockets 10. Positive terminal sockets 11. Voltage controller 12. Pins of electrical wires 13. Main’s pin of DC power supply
Method of using Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Device (t DCS): The sponges over the electrodes of the device are soaked with NACL solution to increase electrical conductivity. The cap is placed on the head of the patient and position of electrodes is decided as per his disease condition. The DC power supply is switched on. The voltage is controlled by the voltage variable regulator of the DC power supply. The device is highly versatile and can be used to treat a variety of disease conditions as follows. When positive stimulation (anodal) is delivered, the current causes a depolarization of the resting membrane potential, which increases neuronal excitability and allows for more spontaneous cell firing and thus stimulates underlying brain part. When negative stimulation (cathodal) is delivered, the current causes a hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential and thus leads to inhibition of the underlying brain part.
In depression patients, the prefrontal cortex is known to have poor electrical activity. Hence, the stimulatory positive electrode (anode) is placed in front part of the cap which falls over the prefrontal area (2) of the brain of the patient. (Fig.1)
In stroke patients, the stimulatory positive electrode is placed over the damaged involved side motor cortex. (2) In bipolar disorders, the inhibitory cathode is placed over left and right Amygdala to calm down both Amygdala. In Parkinson’s disease, anodal stimulatory t DCS is applied to the motor and prefrontal cortices (2).
References:
- Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): A Beginner’s Guide for Design and Implementation
Hayley Thair,1,† Amy L. Holloway,1,† Roger Newport,1 and Alastair D. Smith1,2,*
Front Neurosci. 2017; 11: 641. Published online 2017 Nov 22. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00641
PMCID: PMC5702643.PMID: 29213226
- Electrode Positioning and Montage in Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
Alexandre F. DaSilva, 1 Magdalena Sarah Volz, 2, 3 Marom Bikson, 4 and Felipe Fregni 2
J Vis Exp. 2011; (51): 2744. Published online 2011 May 23. doi: 10.3791/2744. PMCID: PMC3339846. PMID: 21654618
Sheet 7
Claims:
I claim that,
- Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Device (t DCS) (Fig:1) is comprising of a rigid cap in which electrodes are attached in various positions with its DC power supply unit and wires with pins, for the purpose of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the brain.
- The device in claim 1 is comprising of a rigid cap (Fig:1-1) made up of electrically non- conductive material and is designed larger than average head size of humans.
- The rigid cap described in claim 2 is further comprising of soft compressible cushions (Fig:1-2) in the front and back end so that it can fit the head of any patient with any head size.
- The rigid cap described in claim 2 is further comprising of electrodes (Fig:1-3,7) made up of electrically conductive material and are covered with sponges which are soaked with NACL solution for increasing electrical conductivity.
- The electrodes described in claim 4 which are attached to the inside of the cap, and they have sockets (Fig:1-4) which accommodates wires with pins (Fig:1-5) to be attached from the power source.
- The electrodes (Fig:1-3,7) described in claim 4 are movable in position so that they can modulate many parts of the brain.
- The device in claim 1 is comprising of a DC power supply unit (Fig:1-8) which steps down mains supply to a lower DC voltage and has DC positive (Fig:1-10) and negative (Fig:1-9) sockets as output and a voltage regulator. (Fig:1-11)
- The device in claim 1 is comprising of electrical wires (Fig:1-6) which have pins (Fig:1-5,12) on both ends, one side attaches to the sockets electrodes and another to sockets (Fig:1-9,10) of the DC power supply.
- The polarity of the electrodes described in claim 4 can be changed by placing the pins of the wires described in claim 8 into the positive (Fig:1-10) and negative (Fig:1-9) output sockets of the DC power supply.
- The device in claim 1 is used for the treatment of variety of disease conditions such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, pain and for improving upper limb function after stroke and for memory loss and for cognitive enhancement and treatment of depression and insomnia.
